As my wife urged me to clarify things :-) The role for an ISP in fighting abuse is to detect and prevent it's customer from sending malware & spam out of it's network. Not filter incoming stuff, that would be censoring. A number of means is available for an ISP, most provided that a customer has signed implicity or in some form a AUP where rules for use of it's services are stated. The very simplest thing to do is make sure any outbound smtp is relaye through the ISP's mailrelays, where spam could be detected and subsequently blocked. A large number of other measures exists, it's only a matter of priority. Relying on operating systems ( read MS) to solve spam is hopeless, just think of MS track record. And open source won't help either. Junking SMTP would mean that we loose a independent vendor-independent autonomous decentralized way of exchanging messages. It vwon't stop the bad guys, they can always find ways around it, but it will stop you and me from freedom to express ourself and exchange thoughts. Thanks for the opportunity to express my thoughts. -- Peter Håkanson There's never money to do it right, but always money to do it again ... and again ... and again ... and again. ( Det är billigare att göra rätt. Det är dyrt att laga fel. )