=> So I think it is more right to say: because of this x.25 infrastructure there => are so many IP Hosts connected in germany, and not in spite of. To be very clear, my opinion is "because there is an infrastructure, in spite of this infrastructure being X.25". => Concerning "trouble enhancement layer": => => There are problems with x.25, but they are resolvable. With every other => protocol you have some problems. I think this is the beauty of having a user community. You end up caring for your users, and there are many ways to find a solution. I have some serious technical doubts re: continuing to use at high speed, but I trust you (i.e. the German user community) to pick one of the easy alternatives. There are plenty, e.g. the insertion of dedicated high speed IP links between the major nodes or the gradual switch from X.25 to frame-relay... Christian Huitema