Hank Nussbacher just sent me figures from the April Internet Hunt results, indicating that Switzerland, Denmark and Finland each sent more data into the NSF backbone than they retrieved from it. The figures weren't broken down by service, but I suspect this is because of FTP. If any network admins in Europe have more information on this, I would be interested in hearing. It sounds like an ideal opportunity to cache FTP traffic. FYI, Peter Danzig, Rick Hall, and I recently completed a study about FTP caching, showing that reasonable sized caches placed at network entry points could reduce FTP traffic by 42%. The paper is available by anonymous FTP from ftp.cs.colorado.edu in the directory pub/cs/techreports/schwartz/PostScript/FTP.Caching (compressed PostScript) or in the file pub/cs/techreports/schwartz/ASCII/FTP.Caching.txt.Z (compressed ASCII). - Mike Schwartz Univ. of Colorado - Boulder